1. Child EWE. The global strategy for women’s, children’s and
adolescents’ health (2016-2030). World Health Organization;
2015. Available from: https://www.who.int/life-course/partners/
global-strategy/globalstrategyreport2016-2030-lowres.pdf. [Last
accessed on 2019 Jul 20].
2. World Health Organization. Global Health Observatory Country
Views. Afghanistan Statistics Summary (2002-present). World
Health Organization; 2018. Available from: http://apps.who.int/
gho/data/node.country.country-AFG. [Last accessed on 2019
Jul 20].
3. World Health Organization. Trends in estimates of maternal
mortality ration (maternal deaths per 100000 live births) 20002017. World Health Organization; 2019. Available from: https://
data.unicef.org/topic/maternal-health/maternal-mortality/. [Last
accessed on 2020 Jun 20].
4. World Health Organization. Afghanistan, Situation Update
Online: Afghanistan, Situation; 2019. Available from: http://
www.emro.who.int/afg/programmes/maternal-child-health.
html. [Last accessed on 2019 Nov 20].
5. World Health Organization. Maternal health. Geneva: World
Health Organization; 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/
maternal-health/en/. [Last accessed on 2019 Jul 20].
6. Afghanistan, Situation 10 ways to improve the quality of care
in health facilities newsroom: World Health Organization; 2017.
Available from: https://www.who.int/en/news-room/featurestories/detail/10-ways-to-improve-the-quality-of-care-in-healthfacilities. [Last accessed on 2019 Jul 20].
7. UNFPA, ICM, WHO. A universal pathway. Women’s right
to health. New York: United Nation Population Fund; 2014.
Available from: https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/
EN_SoWMy2014_complete.pdf. [Last accessed on 2019 Jul 20].
8. Homer CS, Friberg IK, Dias MA, ten Hoope-Bender P, Sandall J,
Speciale AM, et al. The projected effect of scaling up midwifery.
Lancet 2014;384:1146-57.
9. World Health Organization. quality midwifery education for
universal health coverage 2030: Framework for action. World
Health Organization; 2019. Available from: https://apps.who.
int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/324738/9789241515849-eng.
pdf?ua=1. [Last accessed on 2019 Jul 20].
10. Freeling M, Parker S. Exploring experienced nurses’ attitudes,
views and expectations of new graduate nurses: A critical review.
Nurse Educ Today 2015;35:e42-9.
11. Malakooti N, Bahadoran P, Ehsanpoor S. Assessment of the
midwifery students’ clinical competency before internship
program in the field based on the objective structured clinical
examination. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2018;23:31-5.
12. Nelissen E, Ersdal H, Mduma E, Evjen-Olsen B, Broerse J,
van Roosmalen J, et al. Helping mothers survive bleeding
after birth: Retention of knowledge, skills, and confidence nine
months after obstetric simulation-based training. BMC Pregnancy
Childbirth 2015;15:190.
13. Yigzaw T, Ayalew F, Kim YM, Gelagay M, Dejene D, Gibson H,
et al. How well does pre-service education prepare midwives for
practice: Competence assessment of midwifery students at the
point of graduation in Ethiopia. BMC Med Educ 2015;15:130.
14. Homer CS, Griffiths M, Brodie PM, Kildea S, Curtin AM,
Ellwood DA, et al. Developing a core competency model and
educational framework for primary maternity services: A national
consensus approach. Women Birth 2012;25:122-7.
15. Fischer MA, Kennedy KM, Durning S, Schijven MP, Ker J,
O’Connor P, et al. Situational awareness within objective
structured clinical examination stations in undergraduate medical
training-a literature search. BMC Med Educ 2017;17:262.
16. Salari Z, Karami M. Comparing the effectiveness of E-Learning,
blended learning and face-to-face lecture in industrial training.
New Educ Appr 2014;9:27-58.
17. Health’s CUMSoP, (AMDD) AMDaDP, Jhpiego. Emergency
Obstetric Care: Trainer Guide. Clinical Training for Reproductive
Health in Emergencies. Green Communication Design; 2008.
Available from: https://www.mailman.columbia.edu/sites/default/
files/pdf/training_emoc_tg_printfr.pdf. [Last accessed on 2018
Nov 21].
18. JHPIEGO, Wharf Bs. Guidelines for Assessment of Skilled
Providers after Training in Maternal and Newborn Healthcare.
USA: JHPIEGO; 2004. Available from: https://www.
healthynewbornnetwork.org/hnn-content/uploads/Jhpiego_
Guidelines-for-Assessment-of-Skilled-Providers-After-Trainingin-Maternal-and-Newborn-Healthcare_2004.pdf [Last accessed
on 2020 Nov 21].
19. Dent JA, Harden RM, Hunt D, Hodges BD. In: A Practical Guide
for Medical Teachers. 5th ed. China: Elsevier; 2017. p. 426.
20. Health FDRoEMo. Basic Emergency Obstetric & Newborn
Care (BEmONC), Training Manual. Ethiopia; 2013. Available
from: pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00JX4F.pdf. [Last accessed on
2018 Jan 20].
21. Cooper S, Bulle B, Biro MA, Jones J, Miles M, Gilmour C,
et al. Managing women with acute physiological deterioration:
Student midwives performance in a simulated setting. Women
Birth 2012;25:e27-36.
22. Gonczi A. Competency-based approaches: Linking theory and
practice in professional education with particular reference to
health education. Educ Philos Theory 2013;45:1290-306.
23. Haddouchane ZA, Bakkali S, Ajana S, Gassemi K. The application
of the competency-based approach to assess the training and
employment adequacy problem. Int J Educ 2017;5:1-18.
24. Sharma B, Hildingsson I, Christensson K. The association
of teaching-learning methods and self-confidence of nursemidwives. A survey from one province in India. Women Birth
2019;32:e376-e383.
25. Upadhayay N. Clinical training in medical students during
preclinical years in the skill lab. Adv Med Educ Pract
2017;8:189-94.26. Blaser SA, Greif R, Hähnlein KA, Cignacco E. [Competent
management of postpartum haemorrhage: A review on effective
training methods]. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2016;220:106-15.
27. Kato C, Kataoka Y. Simulation training program for midwives to
manage postpartum hemorrhage: A randomized controlled trial.
Nurse Educ Today 2017;51:88-95.
28. Mert Karadas M, Terzioglu F. The impact of the using
high-fidelity simulation and standardized patients to management
of postpartum hemorrhage in undergraduate nursing students:
A randomized controlled study in Turkey. Health Care
Women Int 2019;40:597-612.
29. van de Ven J, Fransen AF, Schuit E, van Runnard Heimel PJ,
Mol BW, Oei SG, et al. Does the effect of one-day simulation
team training in obstetric emergencies decline within one
year? A post-hoc analysis of a multicentre cluster randomised
controlled trial. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2017;216:
79-84.
30. Smith V, Muldoon K, Biesty L. The objective structured
clinical examination (OSCE) as a strategy for assessing clinical
competence in midwifery education in Ireland: A critical review.
Nurse Educ Pract 2012;12:242-7.
31. Anan A, Nagamatsu Y, Chou S, Sato A, Matsuoka C,
Toyofuku K, et al. [Implementation of objective structured
clinical examination i of the department of nursing-introduction of simulation-based education]. J UOEH 2015;37:
305‑12.